e-english-irregular-past

Students of English at middle-school level must memorize the 150 common past-tense verbs, 150 common past-participle forms of these common verbs, and, altogether, more than 3,500 iregular verb, noun, and adjective words. That typically requires ten years.

Students of Peoplese need only to attach hyphnette plus "d" to the preset tense verb to form the past tense. For example, past-tense of "arise" in Peoplese is: arise۔d. Likewise, awake۔d, etc. Peoplese, instead of having hundreds of irregular verbs, has only four (be, do, go, have).

For example: break (word-root), break۔ing, break۔d, re۔break (break again), break۔t (passive).

Students need only memorize the word-root, which never changes spelling and for clear visibilty is separated by a hyphnette (half-length hyphen) from prefixes and suffixes.

ENGLISH & PEOPLESE	PEOPLESE	ENGLISH	ENGLISH	ENGLISH
Present Tense	Past Tense	Past Tense	Past-participles (partial list)	Past-participles (complete list)
arise	arise۔d	arose	arisen	abidden
awake	awake۔d	awoke	awoken	abided
be	be۔d	was, were	been	abode
bear	bear۔d	bore	borne	arisen
beat	beat۔d	beat	beaten or beat	awoken
become	become۔d	became	become	beaten
begin	begin۔d	began	begun	become
bend	bend۔d	bent	bent	been
bet	bet۔d	bet	bet	befallen
bite	bite۔d	bit	bitten	begotten
bleed	bleed۔d	bled	bled	begun
blow	blow۔d	blew	blown	beheld
break	break۔d	broke	broken	bent
bring	bring۔d	brought	brought	bereaved
build	build۔d	built	built	bereft
burn	burn۔d	burned or burnt	burned or burnt	beset
burst	burst۔d	burst	burst	besought
buy	buy۔d	bought	bought	bet
catch	catch۔d	caught	caught	betaken
choose	choose۔d	chose	chosen	bethought
cling	cling۔d	clung	clung	bid
come	come۔d	came	come	bitten
cost	cost۔d	cost	cost	bled
creep	creep۔d	crept	crept	blown
cut	cut۔d	cut	cut	born
deal	deal۔d	dealt	dealt	borne
dig	dig۔d	dug	dug	bought
dive	dive۔d	dived or dove	dived	bound
do	do۔d	did	done	bred
draw	draw۔d	drew	drawn	broadcast
dream	dream۔d	dreamed or dreamt	dreamed or dreamt	broadcasted
drink	drink۔d	drank	drunk	broken
drive	drive۔d	drove	driven	brought
eat	eat۔d	ate	eaten	browbeat
fall	fall۔d	fell	fallen	browbeaten
feed	feed۔d	fed	fed	built
feel	feel۔d	felt	felt	burned
fight	fight۔d	fought	fought	burnt
find	find۔d	found	found	burst
fit	fit۔d	fit, fitted	fit, fitted	bust
flee	flee۔d	fled	fled	cast
fling	fling۔d	flung	flung	caught
fly	fly۔d	flew	flown,	chid
forbid	forbid۔d	forbade or forbad	forbidden or forbade	chidden
forget	forget۔d	forgot	forgotten	chosen
forgive	forgive۔d	forgave	forgiven	clad
forgo	forgo۔d	forwent	forgone	clothed
freeze	freeze۔d	froze	frozen	clung
get	get۔d	got	gotten or got	come
give	give۔d	gave	given	cost
go	go۔d	went	gone	crept
grind	grind۔d	ground	ground	cut
grow	grow۔d	grew	grown	dared
hang	hang۔d	hung or hanged	hung or hanged	dealt
have	have۔d	had	had	dived
hear	hear۔d	heard	heard	done
hide	hide۔d	hid	hidden	drawn
hit	hit۔d	hit	hit	dreamed
hold	hold۔d	held	held	dreamt
hurt	hurt۔d	hurt	hurt	driven
keep	keep۔d	kept	kept	drunk
kneel	kneel۔d	knelt or kneeled	knelt or kneeled	dug
knit	knit۔d	knitted or knit	knitted or knit	dwelt
know	know۔d	knew	known	eaten
lay	lay۔d	laid	laid	fallen
lead	lead۔d	led	led	fed
leap	leap۔d	leapt or leaped	leapt or leaped	felt
leave	leave۔d	left	left	fit
lend	lend۔d	lent	lent	fitted
let	let۔d	let	let	fled
lie (down)	lie (down)۔d	lay	lain	flown
light	light۔d	lit or lighted	lit or lighted	flung
lose	lose۔d	lost	lost	forbidden
make	make۔d	made	made	forborne
mean	mean۔d	meant	meant	forecast
meet	meet۔d	met	met	forecasted
pay	pay۔d	paid	paid	foregone
prove	prove۔d	proved	proved or proven	foreknown
put	put۔d	put	put	forerun
quit	quit۔d	quit	quit	foreseen
read	read۔d	read	read	foretold
ride	ride۔d	rode	ridden	forgiven
ring	ring۔d	rang	rung	forgotten
rise	rise۔d	rose	risen	forsaken
run	run۔d	ran	run	forsworn
saw	saw۔d	sawed	sawed or sawn	fought
say	say۔d	said	said	found
see	see۔d	saw	seen	frozen
seek	seek۔d	sought	sought	gainsaid
sell	sell۔d	sold	sold	gilded
send	send۔d	sent	sent	gilt
set	set۔d	set	set	given
sew	sew۔d	sewed	sewn or sewed	gone
shake	shake۔d	shook	shaken	got
shave	shave۔d	shaved	shaved or shaven	ground
shear	shear۔d	sheared	sheared or shorn	grown
shine	shine۔d	shone or shined	shone or shined	had
shoot	shoot۔d	shot	shot	hamstringed
show	show۔d	showed	shown or showed	hamstrung
shrink	shrink۔d	shrank or shrunk	shrunk or shrunken	hanged
shut	shut۔d	shut	shut	heard
sing	sing۔d	sang	sung	heaved
sink	sink۔d	sank	sunk	held
sit	sit۔d	sat	sat	hewn
slay	slay۔d	slew	slain	hidden
sleep	sleep۔d	slept	slept	hit
slide	slide۔d	slid	slid	hove
sneak	sneak۔d	sneaked or snuck	sneaked or snuck	hung
speak	speak۔d	spoke	spoken	hurt
speed	speed۔d	sped	sped	inbred
spend	spend۔d	spent	spent	inlaid
spill	spill۔d	spilled or spilt	spilled or spilt	input
spin	spin۔d	spun	spun	inputted
spit	spit۔d	spat or spit	spat or spit	interbred
split	split۔d	split	split	interwoven
spread	spread۔d	spread	spread	kept
spring	spring۔d	sprang	sprung	kneeled
stand	stand۔d	stood	stood	knelt
steal	steal۔d	stole	stolen	knit
stick	stick۔d	stuck	stuck	knitted
sting	sting۔d	stung	stung	known
stink	stink۔d	stank or stunk	stunk	laded
strew	strew۔d	strewed	strewn	laden
strike	strike۔d	struck	struck or stricken	laid
strive	strive۔d	strove or strived	striven or strived	lain
swear	swear۔d	swore	sworn	leaned
sweep	sweep۔d	swept	swept	leant
swim	swim۔d	swam	swum	leaped
swing	swing۔d	swung	swung	leapt
take	take۔d	took	taken	learned
teach	teach۔d	taught	taught	learnt
tear	tear۔d	tore	torn	led
tell	tell۔d	told	told	left
think	think۔d	thought	thought	lent
thrive	thrive۔d	thrived or throve	thrived or thriven	let
throw	throw۔d	threw	thrown	lit
undergo	undergo۔d	underwent	undergone	lost
understand	understand۔d	understood	understood	made
upset	upset۔d	upset	upset	meant
wake	wake۔d	woke or waked	woken or waked	melted
wear	wear۔d	wore	worn	met
weave	weave۔d	wove	woven	miscast
weep	weep۔d	wept	wept	misdealt
win	win۔d	won	won	misgiven
wind	wind۔d	wound	wound	misheard
withdraw	withdraw۔d	withdrew	withdrawn	mislaid
wring	wring۔d	wrung	wrung	misled
write	write۔d	wrote	written	misread
				misspelt
				misspent
				mistaken
				misunderstood
				molten
				mown
				outbid
				outdone
				outgrown
				outridden
				outrun
				outshone
				outsold
				overborne
				overcome
				overdone
				overeaten
				overheard
				overhung
				overlaid
				overleaped
				overleapt
				overpaid
				overridden
				overseen
				overshot
				overslept
				oversold
				overtaken
				overthrown
				paid
				partaken
				pleaded
				pled
				preset
				proofread
				proved
				proven
				put
				quit
				read
				rebound
				rebuilt
				recast
				redone
				relaid
				remade
				rent
				repaid
				rerun
				reset
				resold
				rethought
				retold
				rewound
				rewritten
				rid
				ridded
				ridden
				risen
				rived
				riven
				run
				rung
				said
				sat
				sawed
				sawn
				seen
				sent
				set
				sewed
				sewn
				shaken
				shat
				shaved
				shaven
				sheared
				shed
				shit
				shod
				shone
				shorn
				shot
				shown
				shriven
				shrunk
				shut
				slain
				slept
				slid
				slidden
				slit
				slung
				slunk
				smelled
				smelt
				smitten
				sold
				sought
				sown
				spat
				sped
				spelt
				spent
				spilt
				split
				spoiled
				spoilt
				spoken
				spoonfed
				spread
				sprung
				spun
				staved
				stolen
				stood
				stove
				strewed
				strewn
				stricken
				stridden
				striven
				struck
				strung
				stuck
				stung
				stunk
				sunburned
				sunburnt
				sung
				sunk
				sweeped
				swept
				swollen
				sworn
				swum
				swung
				taken
				taught
				thought
				thrived
				thriven
				thrown
				thrust
				told
				torn
				trodden
				unbent
				unbound
				underbid
				underbidden
				undergone
				underlain
				understood
				undertaken
				underwritten
				undone
				unwound
				upheld
				upset
				waylaid
				wed
				wedded
				wept
				wet
				wetted
				withdrawn
				withheld
				withstood
				woken
				won
				worn
				wound
				woven
				written
				wrought
				wrung

How long would be required for you to memorize the 150 past-tense and 150 past-participle English irregular verbs that the average middle-school student in an English-speaking nation already knows? How long would be required to memorize the 325 past-participle words (far right column) necesary for unversity or a good job? After memorizing, how many words would you still remember in two years?